Sea level or rise 3 meters? "Doomsday glacier" accelerates melting, prehistoric creatures continue to appear in the Arctic
Release time：2023-02-07 06:03:41 source：korpimaankyynel.com author：Forest
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Sea level or rise 3 meters? "Doomsday glacier" accelerates melting, prehistoric creatures continue to appear in the Arctic
The Thwaites Glacier, located in West Antarctica, has an area larger than Florida in the United States. It is the widest glacial river in the world and one of the largest glaciers in the world. It is called the "Doomsday Glacier", which is enough to see This huge glacier has a "pivotal" status. Scientists' research shows that this huge glacier has lost more than 1 trillion tons of glaciers since 2000. As the climate continues to warm, the rate of melting of these glaciers will accelerate, which means that the disappearing glaciers will also will gradually increase. Erin Pettit, a glaciologist at Oregon State University, said some criss-crossing cracks have appeared on the surface of the ice shelf on the east side, which means the ice shelf could collapse within 10 years. It seems a bit incredible, but in fact, ice shelves collapse and disintegrate from time to time, because as the temperature of the sea rises, warm sea water is eroding these floating ice shelves, making the underside of these ice shelves melt faster, Make it thinner and more fragile, and gradually some cracks may appear. For Thwaites Glacier, if the Thwaites Ice Shelf really collapses, collapses, etc., it means that Thwaites Glacier may "end", because with the loss of the protection of the ice shelf, Thwaites Glacier All the ice will likely fall into the ocean in the next few decades and centuries, which will cause the world's sea level to rise. Scientists have found that Thwaites Glacier is melting much faster than previously thought, according to a study published in Nature Geoscience. In satellite images released by scientists in 2020, both Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers show highly ruptured areas and open fractures, both of which illustrate how these ice shelves have been structurally unstable over the past 10 years. has become increasingly vulnerable. Scientists also found that Thwaites Glacier is retreating at a rate of almost 2.1 kilometers per year. This rate is double what scientists observed 10 years ago. As the ice shelf becomes more and more fragile, the rate of retreat of Thwaites Glacier is accelerating, and even large-scale disintegration events occurred in October 2018 and February 2020, resulting in unprecedented ice shelf retreat . Scientists believe that if Thwaites Glacier and Pine Island Glacier disappear, we will not only lose these two glaciers, but will also affect other glaciers around them. Sea level rise will not be avoided, and only the disappearance of Thwaites Glacier will be enough. Possibly enough to raise sea levels by nearly 3 meters.
A "new Arctic" is forming
The problem we are facing now is not just the accelerated rate of melting of Antarctic glaciers, similar The problem also exists in other glaciers. In July this year, the temperature in the Arctic Circle has reached 32.5 ℃, hot enough to wear short sleeves. This has subverted our understanding of the North and South Pole regions. In our impression, the North and South Pole regions are in a state of ice and snow all year round, which is very cold, but now the temperature in the North and South Pole regions is rising very fast, and various extreme high temperature weathers continue to appear. With the emergence of extremely high temperature weather, the glaciers and permafrost in the Arctic region are also accelerating the melting rate, and some scientists even say that the new Arctic is forming. Longyearbyen in Norway is only 1,300 kilometers away from the North Pole. It is the closest city to the North Pole in the world. Due to its very high latitude, the temperature here is very low. The glacier coverage used to be as high as 60%. Since then, the city's average temperature in winter has risen by about 10°C. Similar warming also exists in other regions of the Arctic, which has a great impact on the Arctic climate and ecosystem, and the Arctic glaciers are decreasing. Some scientists say that the Arctic is now becoming "unrecognizable", and even directly use the "new Arctic" to describe the changes in the Arctic region. The most intuitive change in the Arctic region is the disappearance of sea ice. According to data from scientists, the area of Arctic sea ice has shrunk by 31% since satellite observation records began in 1979, and it still maintains a decreasing trend. Scientists believe that, According to this development trend, there may be an "ice-free summer" in the Arctic Ocean in the near future, that is, there may be no sea ice in the Arctic summer at some time in the future. The problem with rising Arctic temperatures is not just the loss of glaciers, but a whole host of problems we didn't expect. Because there are very extensive permafrost layers in the Arctic, a large amount of ancient carbon materials, including carbon dioxide, methane, prehistoric biological remains, etc., are buried under these permafrost layers. Under normal circumstances, these ancient carbon materials would be frozen, but as the temperature rises, the permafrost in many areas has accelerated the thawing rate, releasing some of the frozen carbon materials. Scientists have discovered the remains of prehistoric creatures many thousands of years ago in the Arctic permafrost, including mammoth cubs that have died for more than 40,000 years, woolly rhino cubs that have died for more than 10,000 years, and 3 dead. Cave lion cubs over 10,000 years old, pony mummies that have been dead for 30,000-40,000 years, etc. If we just find these prehistoric biological remains, the problem is not particularly big. What worries us is that the prehistoric biological remains that were originally frozen by the permafrost are basically in a "still" state, and microorganisms basically do not decompose, so It can be kept for tens of thousands of years without serious decay. However, as the permafrost thaws, these prehistoric biological remains buried under the permafrost will be quickly decomposed by microorganisms and rapidly decay, which will produce a large amount of greenhouse gases such as methane, which will further aggravate the earth's climate change. warm trend. There are many prehistoric biological remains under the permafrost, including animal remains and plant remains, so the Arctic permafrost is a natural "carbon source".- Last：Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake shrink one after another: the lake has become a prairie, what signal is released here
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