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Another super-Earth found, only 37 light-years away
Release time：2023-03-23 15:11:32 source：korpimaankyynel.com author：Rivers
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Another super-Earth found, only 37 light-years away
Based on the newly installed infrared spectrometer IRD in the Pleiades Telescope (8.2 meters in diameter), astronomers have confirmed the discovery of a super-Earth: Ross 508b, which is estimated to be at least 4 times the mass of Earth and is located in the northern constellation Serpenti, a distance from the solar system Only 37 light years away. The parent star of this super-Earth is Ross 508, a red dwarf star with only 18% the mass of the Sun and 21% the radius of the Sun, and 75% of the stars in the Milky Way are such low-mass stars. The brightness and temperature of a star are proportional to its mass. The surface temperature of Ross 508 is only 2,800°C, which is 2,700°C lower than that of the sun. Although Ross 508 is a close neighbor to the solar system, it is so small and dim that we cannot see the star directly with the naked eye from Earth, not even with the help of small telescopes. Since the main star is so dim, the planets around it are even more dim, and it is undoubtedly extremely difficult to find such exoplanets. If the Earth happens to be near the orbital plane of the exoplanet, the planet also exerts a gravitational effect on the star as the exoplanet orbits its host star, causing the star to wobble slightly in space. The infrared spectrometer IRD can measure this extremely weak periodic wobble, thereby indirectly inferring the existence of exoplanets, which is how Ross 508b was discovered. For exoplanets, astronomers are more concerned about rocky planets that are at most a few times the mass of Earth. Their surfaces are made of solid silicate rocks, and may have conditions like Earth to breed life. A gas giant like Jupiter, on the other hand, is itself a huge ball of gas, mostly composed of hydrogen and helium, with no solid surface. Ice giant planets such as Neptune are mainly composed of oxygen, carbon and nitrogen, and their surfaces are frozen. In addition, rocky planets also need to operate in the habitable zone, that is, not too close to the host star, and receive heat that can make the surface temperature suitable for the existence of liquid water. Although many people claim that alien life may evolve in other environments, life on Earth is the only life known to mankind, so it is reasonable to mainly refer to life on Earth when looking for alien life. The observation results show that the orbital radius of Ross 508b is only 8.02 million kilometers, which is equivalent to 21 times the distance between the Earth and the Moon, 1/19 of the distance between the Sun and the Earth, and 1/7 of the orbital radius of Mercury. If it is in the solar system, the surface temperature of a star so close to the sun will be as high as several hundred degrees Celsius, and it is impossible for liquid water to exist. But in the Ross 508 system, the host star is much cooler than the sun, so such a close distance is just within the habitable zone. If there is life on this exoplanet, they can feel that "a year" has passed because Ross 508b will complete one revolution in less than 11 days. Further analysis shows that the orbital eccentricity of Ross 508b is relatively large, and it is not always in the habitable zone. It will run outside the habitable zone for a few days and become closer to the host star, which may lead to the Surface temperature becomes too high. Of course, the adaptability of life is very strong, and if it is not in the habitable zone for a few days, it does not mean that Ross 508b is habitable. If Ross 508b is truly habitable, the only thing we need to worry about is that intelligent life has already evolved on this planet. The time for modern humans to appear on the earth is only about 200,000 years, and the time for scientific and technological civilization is only a hundred years or so. If Ross 508b appeared intelligent life earlier than the earth, such as 10 million years (compared to the age of the universe of 13.8 billion years is only a moment), then their civilization level is likely to have reached type II (stellar civilization), Even Type III (galaxy-level civilization) would surpass human civilizations that have not yet reached Type I (planetary-level civilization). For the current human beings, we have not yet been able to leave the solar system, and the distance of 37 light-years still seems very far away. 37 light-years is equivalent to 350 trillion kilometers. Even if humans can build a spacecraft with a speed of 100 kilometers per second (not yet capable), it will still take up to 110,000 years to get there. But for advanced alien civilizations, they are fully capable of crossing distances of 37 light-years, such as through sub-light speed spacecraft, or wormholes. Once an alien civilization is discovered and found on Earth, human civilization will face a huge threat. We simply don’t know whether the alien civilization is well-intentioned. Looking at the entire galaxy, there are hundreds of billions of stars, and possibly even more planets. Astronomers estimate that there are at least 300 million potentially habitable planets orbiting Sun-like stars. With such a large base, the probability of alien life and alien civilization existing in the Milky Way should not be small. Previously, China Tianyan FAST received signals from several suspected alien intelligent civilizations. Although it has not yet been determined, as the detection deepens, it may only be a matter of time before an alien civilization is found. As for whether there is alien life and civilization in the universe, Wu Xiangping, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, believes that there is. However, the famous cosmologist Hawking strongly opposed active contact with alien civilizations during his lifetime, just think of the Native Americans who encountered European colonization.
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